HGV access is an operational reality for industrial distribution and logistics sites. Any gates that have been poorly designed can create bottlenecks, leading to delays, unsafe manoeuvres and inefficient site operations. The thoughtful design of gates, barriers and vehicle access controls is not just about security purposes, but also about ensuring smooth, continuous traffic flow for long, wide and heavy vehicles.
In this article, Newgate, security gate and barrier manufacturers, look at how gates can be designed to provide HGV access without bottlenecks…
Understanding the challenges of HGV access
HGVs obviously differ from cars in both their size, turning requirements and movement patterns, which means they need a different type of access. They will require more space to enter and exit a site and will also need greater clearance. A three-point turn in an HGV is not easily pulled off in a small space, so there will need to be much more room to achieve this or a dedicated swept path to allow HGVs to manoeuvre safely.
it is important to remember that every design decision on your site, from the width of your lanes to the type of gate that you choose, must acknowledge these physical realities early in the planning stage.
Layout principles that avoid bottlenecks
The layout of your site can be very important to think about before you get into the specifics of your gate. Try to ensure that you have separate truck access routes to keep smaller vehicles and pedestrians away from the HGV traffic as this helps to reduce any conflict. It is also recommended to consider one-way systems, as looped or straight-through traffic flows can reduce the need for reversing and crossing paths which can lead to queues.
You will also need to think about your setback distance for your gates. These will need to be positioned far enough away from public roads to allow HGVs that are waiting to not block any traffic on the street. Your gate setback needs to account for the longest vehicle that is likely to use the site to prevent obstruction and improve safety during peak movement periods.
Choosing the right gate type for HGVs
There are a range of different gate options which are suitable for HGV use and can support the flow of traffic in and around your site. Manual swing gates are simple, robust and cost-effective solutions for controlled access sites. They can be made in wide spans of up to 12 metres to accommodate dual lanes for heavy traffic without any bottlenecks occurring. Thanks to their straightforward design, the maintenance of these gates is also comparatively easy.
Many sites are introducing automated gate systems in order to reduce human delay and speed up turnaround at busy sites. Automated systems must follow safety standards and will require regular maintenance to avoid a failure that can then cause holds in traffic.
Industrial sites often opt for heavy duty mesh gates that combine security with durability. These are ideal for industrial entrances that see frequent HGV movements as they can balance strength with visibility. This allows drivers to align their approach with clear sightlines.
There are also height restriction barriers that can prevent vehicles which are over the recommended height entering areas where clearance is limited. These can be swing type or fixed to ensure that only authorised vehicles of the correct class pass through. These will require clear signage to be put in place to help drivers avoid accidental impact and traffic stalls.
Selecting the correct gate type for operational needs will prevent unnecessary delays and reduce the likelihood of vehicles having to reverse or wait, which can both be common causes of bottlenecks in traffic.
The role of swept path analysis in gate design
A key technical tool in designing vehicle access is swept path analysis. This is a simulation of how a vehicle’s path will occupy space as it turns, manoeuvres and enters or exits a site. It can account for vehicle length, wheelbase, turning radius and overhangs, making it a very useful solution in the design process.
Without swept path data, design decisions like gate placement and lane width can simply be guesswork, so by using specialist software it is easier to prevent costly redesigns after construction has taken place. It can also ensure that a site’s gate opening, driveway radius, and internal circulation are all wide enough for HGVs to navigate without reversing or sharp turns that can slow flow.
Essentially, the swept path is an imaginary pattern created by the truck’s wheels and body, which is traced through space and can ensure that the truck will not hit obstacles or other vehicles. Swept path analysis is often required by planning authorities for developments involving frequent HGV access because it demonstrates safe, compliant traffic movement.
Reducing delays through intelligent traffic control
Intelligent control systems at gates can help traffic flow thanks to the sensors and entry systems that will detect an approaching HGV and open the gates automatically to reduce driver wait time. They also use RFID tags or ANPR systems to allow frequent vehicles to enter without manual interaction.
Clearly placed traffic signage and conditional lights can also ensure that vehicles queue in safe, designated areas away from public roads. Good access control systems are essential for reducing bottlenecks during peak arrivals and departures, especially for sites that operate 24 hours a day.
Safety and accessibility considerations
Safety should be of paramount importance when designing for traffic flow. This means pedestrian routes should be clearly separated and physically protected with bollards or barriers to prevent any conflict with HGV traffic and emergency access must remain unobstructed.
Maintenance and life span of gate infrastructure
Regular maintenance of gates and access systems is essential, and frequent use by HGVs will demand durability and periodic inspection. Poorly maintained hinges, automation, motors or sensors can all be responsible for slowing operation, leading to queuing and inefficiencies.
It is therefore essential that you choose heavy duty materials and corrosion resistant finishes to improve longevity and reduce unexpected downtime.
Designing gates around the needs of HGVs is essential for operational efficiency, safety and compliance. With thoughtful gate design, you can reduce bottlenecks, improve traffic flow, and create a safe environment for pedestrians and other vehicles, as well as some significant long term cost savings.
